While diet and exercise are a sure-fire weight loss tactic for most, for some people, such as the obese, medication may be recommended.
Medications aren't "magic cures" leading to permanent weight loss. They're generally used in combination with a proper diet and exercise program. They are only for people who are classified as obese, or with a BMI of 27 or higher with extra heart disease risk factors such as high cholesterol or diabetes. Some medications are approved for short-term use only.
Appetite suppressants are one type of medication used to manage obesity. These are prescribed to people with obesity-linked medical problems, where weight loss is an important part of the management of these conditions. They should never be taken by pregnant women, people with active heart disease, glaucoma (eye disease), or liver or kidney failure. Once-popular appetite suppressants such as fenfluramine and phentermine (often given in combination and known as "fen-phen") have been taken off the market. These weight loss medications were linked to heart valve problems and are no longer used for treating obesity. Other appetite suppressants such as diethylproprion and sibutramine are still available. Sibutramine acts differently than the other appetite suppressants and can be used for longer periods of time if necessary. Although sibutramine has been associated with slight increases in blood pressure and heart rate in a small number of people, side effects such as heart valve abnormalities have not been a problem with this medication.
Another type of medication used for weight loss prevents the absorption of fat from the bowel. For example, orlistat blocks the action of an enzyme called lipase, which is found in the intestine and breaks down fat. Fat in the diet is prevented from being absorbed and is eliminated in the stool. Side effects associated with orlistat include oily and frequent bowel movements and gas with some discharge. These side effects are reduced when fat intake is reduced.
There are also a number of over-the-counter and herbal weight loss products available, but it's important to check with your doctor before you use them. They may not be suitable for people with some health conditions and some products can be dangerous while combined with other medications.
When reviewing suitable management options, it's important to consider the risks and benefits of each option. Your doctor and other health care professionals can provide you with the information you need to make an informed choice about what options are best for you.